The filmmaker passed away "peacefully in his sleep" in hospital on Sunday, his son, Alex, has said.
Known for his extravagant style, Russell's films often courted controversy.
His adaptation of D H Lawrence's Women In Love became notorious for its nude wrestling scene between Alan Bates and Oliver Reed.
Nominated for four Academy Awards, leading lady Glenda Jackson took home the best actress Oscar in 1970.
Russell's religious drama The Devils, was banned in several countries due to is violent and sexual content.
Featuring an infamous scene between Oliver Reed and Vanessa Redgrave sexualising the crucifixion, it will be released for the first time in its original, uncut form in March 2012.
Russell's biggest commercial success was his film version of The Who's rock opera, Tommy, released in 1976.
Born in Southampton in 1927, Russell served in the RAF and merchant navy before beginning his career as a photographer.
He cut his teeth in the TV industry at the BBC where he made arts documentaries.
In recent years he had faded from the spotlight although in 2007 he made a surprise return to television to take part in the fifth series of Celebrity Big Brother.
He quit the show after just four days following a disagreement with fellow contestant Jade Goody and her family.
Married four times, Russell was father to six children.
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