Landmark climate talks in South Africa have finished with a deal that could force all major polluters to agree to legally binding targets to cut emissions.
Countries agreed on a timeframe to push through a new treaty that would cover nations like China and India for the first time.
The treaty will be negotiated by 2015 and come into force from 2020.
But environmental groups have criticised negotiators in Durban for failing to show the ambition necessary to cut emissions by levels that would avoid what they call "dangerous" climate change.
The deal comes after two-and-a-half days of round-the-clock wrangling among 194 nations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
European climate commissioner Connie Hedegaard said the agreement marked the shift that had occurred over the past 20 years, when the world first set out to tackle climate change and tied only rich countries to carbon constraints.
"The BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) took some significant new steps in acknowledging that the world of the 21st century is not the same as the 20th century," she said.
UNFCCC chief Christiana Figueres cited the words of Nelson Mandela when she tweeted: "In honour of Mandela: It always seems impossible until it is done. And it is done."
The UK's Climate Change Secretary Chris Huhne hailed the deal as a "significant step forward".
Speaking from Durban, he told Sky News: "I think the most important thing is it's mapped out a process whereby we get to what we really need, which is an over-arching global agreement where all the major emitters are going to be taking targets to reduce their emissions.
"It's a good deal because it gives us for the first time, a really credible way of attacking this massive problem that would otherwise be threatening our children and our grandchildren."
Mr Huhne said the deal also sent a strong signal to businesses and investors about moving to a low-carbon economy.
But environmental groups said negotiators had failed to show the ambition necessary to cut emissions by levels that would limit global temperature rises to no more than 2C and avoid "dangerous" climate change.
Keith Allott, head of climate change at WWF UK, said: "Governments have salvaged a path forward for negotiations, but we must be under no illusion - the outcome of Durban leaves us with the prospect of being legally bound to a world of 4C warming.
"This would be catastrophic for people and the natural world. Governments have spent crucial days focused on a handful of specific words in the negotiating text, but have paid little heed to repeated warnings from the scientific community that much stronger, urgent action is needed to cut emissions."
He welcomed the EU's role in a "high ambition coalition" of countries including the small island states and some of the poorest nations in the world, but urged Europe to show leadership by increasing its promise to cut emissions by 20% by 2020 to 30%.
Also agreed at the Durban talks was the establishment of a green climate fund to channel billions of pounds to poor countries to help them cope with impacts of global warming such as floods and drought - but no sources of money were found.
Rich countries have pledged $100bn (£64bn) a year by 2020 for developing countries to deal with climate change.
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